In 1970, scientists educate like a human and a chimpanzee taught sign language. Chimpanzee named Nim Chimpsky it can 'talk'."Give orange me give eat orange me eat orange give me eat orange," a series of chimpanzees is the longest word. The chimpanzee is the subject of Project Nim, the experiment conducted cognitive scientist at Columbia University while investigating whether the animals could learn the language.
After years of introducing all the things about humans in Nim, the researchers concluded, though he was able to show the expression of asking and getting to know 125 words, Nim could learn the language fully. The scientists suggest that the language not only need vocabulary knowledge also syntactic or sentence.
For example the word 'orange give me' is synonymous with 'give me orange'. From a very young age, people understand that and have the innate ability to create new meaning after the combine and sort the words with a variety of ways. In the case of Nim, the chimpanzee was not having that capacity.Many cognitive scientists believe, the human ability to innovate through syntactic variation raises a lot of richness and complexity of mind and our. The gulf between man and the closest relatives of humans is not just one.
Humans walking on two legs and an ape walking on four legs. Perdaan is already evident. Director of Human Origins and Primate Evolution Lab at Indiana University Kevin Hunt suspect, human ancestors stood upright to reach vegetation on tree branches."When Africa dried further 6.5 million years ago, ancestors of humans trapped in the eastern part of the driest places," he said. In such places, the tree is only as high as 1.8 meters and to achieve food will not be difficult. Charles Darwin became the first person to discover the differences that separate man from apes.
Another differentiator is the completeness of the body. "Once walked on two legs, we will have hands to carry the equipment. Humans do after 1.5 million years be able to walk on two legs, "said Hunt.According to Hunt, if you shave a chimpanzee and take pictures of the body to the waist, "At first pendangan, you would not expect this animal-like man". The muscles in both species are very similar but the chimpanzee two to three times stronger than humans. Chimpanzee muscle fibers more dense and "If you see a chimpanzee throwing a big rock and you want to do something similar, you certainly can not," he said.
Herb Terrace primate cognition scientist who led the Project Nim considers chimpanzees do not have the ability to 'theory of mind'. As a result, they can not infer mental states of other individuals, whether it's happy, sad, angry, love, jealousy or other.Although the chimpanzee is able to read cues, chimps can not think of a state of mind of other chimps in the absence of body language. "I believe, is a major breakthrough theory of mind our ancestors," he said.
Like a baby, Nim spoke in 'the imperative mode,' which he wanted to ask. When people grow up, unlike chimpanzees, humans developed a form of communication is much richer, 'declarative mode'.
Disekuesn chimp genome was first in 2005. The results were compared with humans and found 1.23% difference. This amount is about 40 million differences in the DNA that is the result of mutations in the half-line ancestor of human and chimp lines split into two. Of these mutations, there are dramatic differences until now, namely role in intelligence, anatomy, lifestyle and success of the colonization of Earth.
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